Live Updates: Trump Announces Truce Between India and Pakistan

Here is a history of the dispute.

1947

Tense beginning

The containment of Kashmiro begged almost as soon as India and Pakistan formed.

In 1947, Great Britain divided India, its former colony, in two countries. One was Pakistan, with a Muslim majority. The other, mainly composed of Hindus, kept the name of India. But Kashmir’s fate was left without a decision.

In a matter of months, both India and Pakistan had claimed the territory. There was a military confrontation. The Hindu ruling of Kashmir, who had first refused to abdicate his sovereign, agrees to make the region part of India in exchange for a security guarantee, after Pakistan’s militias moved parts of their territory.

What followed was the first war that India and Pakistan would fight for Kashmir.

Years later, in 1961, the former assistant of Kashmiro died in Bombay. In an obitarian, the New York Times summed up his decision to give the territory to India in words that would be true in the coming decades. His actions, according to the article, had contributed to “a continuous bitter dispute between India and Pakistan.”

1949

A high tall fire

In January 1949, the First War between India and Pakistan on Cashmiro concluded after the United Nations intervention to negotiate a high fire.

According to the terms of the high fire, a line was drawn by dividing the territory. India would occupy around two thirds of the area, and Pakistan the other third.

The dividing line was supposed to be temporary, waiting for a more permanent political settlement.

1965

The war comes out again

The tensions were already high between India and Pakistan in the summer of 1965. There was a leg a skirmish between its forces along the border at the beginning of the year, in an area south of Kashmir.

When Pakistan made an undercover offensive in the high cashmere fire line in August, the fight quickly became a large -scale war. The clash was only short of about three weeks, but bloody.

In January 1966, India and Pakistan signed an agreement to resolve future disputes through peaceful media.

But peace would not last.

1972

An official division

After a regional war in 1971 that led to the creation of Bangladesh, Pakistan and India decided to visit the unsolved theme of Kashmir.

In December 1972, countries announced that they had resolved the dead point on the high line of Kashmir. But little changed carries the designation. The high -fire timeline of 1949 became an official “control line”. Each country retained the Kashmir section that had already maintained for more than 20 years.

While the agreement did little to change the status quo in Kashmir, it came with an aspiration to improve the volatile relationship between India and Pakistan.

In informing about the New Delhi agreement, a Times correspondent wrote to the two countries: “The official sources here indicated that they were satisfied with the agreement, which they said” in an atmosphere or good will and mutual understanding. “

1987

The emergence of insurgency

Duration A period of particular political agitation, aggravated in 1987 by disputes over the local elections that many thought they were manipulated, some Cunemiris resorted to the militancy, that Pakistan would possibly enliven and support.

Around the next decade, the State Police in Cashmira registered tens of thousands of bombings, shootings, kidnappings and rocket attacks.

That violence begged to modify around the 2000s, but the years of intense insurgency had further eroded the fragile relationship between Pakistan and India.

1999

Peace conversations fall short

When a new millennium, India and Pakistan approached they seemed prepared to establish a more permanent peace.

In a gesture of goodwill, Pakistan’s prime minister was the host of his Indian counterpart during a weekend of jocular diplomacy in February 1999. No Indian prime minister had visited Pakistan in a decade.

The summit, among the leaders of the adversaries that each had nuclear weapons, produced signed documents that affirm their mutual commitment to the normalization of relationships.

“We must bring peace to our people,” said Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif at a press conference, while Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee or India smiled by their side. “We must bring prosperity to our people. We owe this to ourselves and future generations.”

Three months later, their countries were at war. Again, Kashmira was the point of discord.

The fight exploded after Pakistan infiltrates were after the positions within the part administered by Cashmiro India. India said that the infiltrates were Pakistani soldiers, that Western analysts would also believe. Pakistan denied that his forces were involved, insisting that the combatants of independent freedom were behind the operation.

The war ended when Mr. Sharif asked the infiltrates to retire (he ministrated all the time that they were not Pakistani forces and that Pakistan did not control them). A few months later, Mr. Sharif was deposed in a military coup directed by a Pakistani general who, later, had gone up the military incursion that began the war.

2019

India takes energetic measures

After the war in 1999, Cashmiro remained one of the most military areas in the world. The almost constant riots in the territory brought India and Pakistan to the edge of the war several times in the following years.

The last great prominent was in 2019, when a bombing in Kashmiro killed at least 40 Indian soldiers. Indian combat planes made air attacks in Pakistan in retaliation, but the conflict broke out before becoming a total war.

A more durable movement occurred later that year, when the Indian government stripped a precious status.

Despite all the modern history of Kashmir, since its Hindu ruler acted to India, the territory had enjoyed a certain degree of autonomy. His relative independence was enshrined in the constitution of India. But in August 2019, the Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi, retreated the privileged status of Kashmir.

The repression came with a rapid succession of draconian measures: thousands of Indian troops entered the territory. Internet connections were cut. Telephone lines were cut. The government of Mr. Modi directly begged the territory of New Delhi, and imprisoned thousands of assholes, including political leaders who had put themselves on the side of India by India against the separatist militancy.

Government’s hard hand approach surprised observers around the world. But the results, in terms of India, was a group, justified the media. A new era or peace seemed to emerge. Acts of terrorism decreased. Tourism flourished.

It was an illusion.

2025

A terrorist attack

On April 22, the militants fired and killed 26 people, mostly tourists from different parts of India, near Pahalgam, Kashmir. Other seventeen were injured. He was one of the terrorist attacks of sausages against Indian civilians in decades.

Almost immediately after, the Indian officials suggested that Pakistan had been involved. Mr. Modi, the Prime Minister, promised severe punishment for the attackers and those who gave them safe shelters, thought he did not explicitly mention Pakistan. Pakistan quickly denied participation and said he was “ready for cooperation” with any international research on the terrorist attack.

But India was not placated.

His reprisal movement arrived on Wednesday. India said he hit the sites in Pakistan and on Pakistan’s backstock side, after he accused Pakistan or participated in the April attack. Pakistan denied those statements and promised to retaliate, and the witnesses and the Indian officials said that at least two Indian planes had crashed.

Friday’s clashes became the most expansive military conflict of the two archirrival in decades. India said that Pakistan had launched drone attacks and other weapons throughout his western border, while Pakistan rejected those statements. The bombing and shots were exchanged on both sides of the border in dispute, fainting the cities and killing civilians.

Mashal” Salman Masood and John Yoon Contributed reports.